We show the usage after the list.īelow, you will find some main verbs you can use with their synonyms. The word examples below are generally placed after the phrase “the author” or the author’s last name. But, be careful as each of those conveys its own connotation, so you might find it tricky to pick the right word. What introductory words can I use for quotations?Īpart from the standard words like “believes” or “notes,” you can use dozens of synonyms. No marks, if you use words like “that,” “as,” or if you seamlessly integrate the quotation or its parts in your text.A colon, if you use a complete sentence before inserting the quotation.A comma, if you use signal verbs like “says,” “states,” “explains,” etc.In terms of punctuation, you can introduce a quote with: Spencer defines social evolution as a “transition from a state of relative uncertainty, incoherence, and homogeneity to a state of relative certainty, connectedness, and versatility” (54). Taylor (2016) thinks the response to punishment is anger: “Punishment, especially if its justice is doubtful,…coarsens the human soul and hardens it” (p.72). As Freeman reported, “Van Dusen could be heard being outraged, ‘I can’t believe she said, “Can you help me?”!’”Īs Freeman reported, ‘Van Dusen could be heard being outraged, “I can’t believe she said, ‘Can you help me?’!”’Įxception: in APA and MLA styles, the last punctuation mark goes after the citation information given in parentheses.
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